Democracy, memory and the pursuit of justice

The end of the First Republic

On 22 July 1994 a military coup overthrew Jawara’s government. Yahya Jammeh became the dominant leader, later moving to a civilian presidency in 1996. His rule lasted more than two decades. Accounts of this period must include the experiences of people who suffered repression and human-rights violations.

An election and a constitutional crisis

Adama Barrow defeated Jammeh in the presidential election of 1 December 2016. Jammeh initially conceded and then rejected the result. Regional mediation and ECOWAS military pressure helped resolve the crisis. Barrow was sworn in on 19 January 2017.

These events show why elections require more than the act of voting: institutions, civic participation and respect for the outcome are essential. They also illustrate how national politics can depend on regional cooperation.

Truth, reparations and accountability

The Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission was established by legislation in 2017 to investigate abuses committed from July 1994 to January 2017. It submitted its final report in November 2021; the government’s White Paper followed in May 2022. Later legislation created a framework for a permanent reparations process.

A commission’s report, a law, a compensation payment and a criminal judgment are different stages. Do not treat a policy commitment as proof that all victims have received justice. Use Ministry of Justice materials and victims’ own accounts to follow developments, with dates attached.

Learning with care

For younger readers, the Ministry of Justice provides a child-friendly TRRC report. Discuss dignity and rights without requiring anyone to disclose personal trauma.